Alla abstract, jonka jouduin tekemäään erääseen kansainväliseen seminaariin. (Sveitsi, SIA "BIM im Praxis-Check", www.sia.ch
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Virtual
Property – Using BIM in Facility Management
Tero Järvinen, Technology Director,
Granlund Oy, Finland
In the Nordic countries, the first BIM
models in real construction projects were in use circa 2000. Construction sites
took designers’ models into use circa 2005. Subsequently, not many new
breakthroughs have been made. The process has been evolving and new
requirements on using BIM have been established. The contract methods nowadays support
the collaboration between the client, design and general contractor (Alliance-
and Integrated Project Delivery –projects).
BIM researcher and developers have also
been pushing models to the Facility Management-phase. The work has been more or
less “pushing with rope”. Building owner organisations have not been very
interested in that topic. However, it seems like developers’ efforts are now
succeeding and building owners have an interest in knowing how BIM can help
their business.
Using BIM models in Facilities Management
is the next logical step after their use for design and construction sites.
Now we are about to take BIM models in use
at FM. The task is not so easy. Facilities Management means more than as-built
models. Those in the construction business too often do not understand those in
the FM business and vice versa. Construction sites are delivering as-built data
and FM operators are asking why we need this and how to use it.
BIM
from construction sites
Construction sites offer a huge amount of
BIM information for different locations in Excel, Word, PDF, etc. Native Revit
models or an Open IFC model does not mean that BIM models are in use at FM.
These models need information enrichment to be suitable in technical
operations. Information has to be available via cloud services and inside
databases to make data updating easy. Information sharing within other software
also has to be possible.
We also need to remember that 3D-models are
nice to have, but the information content is more important. Revit/IFC-models
do not have all the information connected to graphical objects. For example, the
information on HVAC central units (Air Handling Units, Chillers…) is missing in
3D-models. This information is in Device Schedule and, unfortunately, the most
common case is that the schedule is made with Excel without standardised content.
FM operations also need MEP diagrams, Service Area Zones, etc. This information
can be created during the design/construction phase, if it is ordered from the designer.
If information content is standardised, everything
is much easier to Facility Management software. When IFC-models or information
in cloud services are in machine readable format, importing the information is
easy and the software business could also be more scalable. However, on the
other hand, who believes in the global level standardisation of information in the
construction industry?
Sharing
information is the new Black
Information sharing with other software is
the new black in the building sector. Building owners do not want to stick with
one gigantic software solution. Earlier, software developers wanted all the
data in their databases. To own information was important. Nowadays, sharing
information is more important. Sharing data means you can create new
information from data founded from multiple sources.
If you have a temperature of a room coming
from the Building Automation system and a CO2 level from an IoT sensor, you can
create an algorithm which shows you with good accuracy the number of people in the
room and with a timeline. With this new information, you can create a new use
case which is sellable to your client.
Digital Twin
Digital Twin is
a representation of a real building along with its components, systems,
measurements and functionalities. Digital Twin can act as a user interface for the
AIM-model (Asset Information Model) [2].
With static
asset information from BIM models and dynamic IoT-sensor or system information
from manufacturers’ environments, we can build a system which can be monitored
and updated through cloud services. Information from multiple different systems
can be seen and operated through a single interface.
With the possibilities
provided by cloud software, there is a possibility to update the information in
the IFC model seamlessly, without the need for opening complex native BIM
software. Native BIM software is needed only when there is a change in the graphical
objects – you need to move a wall, etc.
Using REST API
technology, there is a possibility to connect multiple different systems and
gather dynamic information from them.
City
Digital Twin
The next step after BIM in FM will be the city
level adaptation of models. Many cities have already an open platform to
connect CityGML models. In the City of Helsinki, all the buildings have unique
identifiers allowing for a BIM model connected to the city level view. With one
click, you can open your building from an intelligent city model.
Conclusion
The technology for answering these
questions is ready. Now, we need software developers who have the courage to
make software now for future clients. PowerPoint presentations do not thrill
anyone – we need a running prototype of ideology on how BIM models are in use
at facility management.
Thereafter, we will move towards FLM –
Facility Life Cycle Management.
